Ch. 5 Study Guide
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When comparing the cardiovascular system to a city, what is it similar to?
roads The cardiovascular system is similar to the roads which transport goods
What are the two components of the cardiovascular system?
heart and blood vessels
The innermost layer of an artery is known as
endothelium
The cardiovascular system is composed of the heart and the blood vessels.True or false.
true
Which blood vessels are small, thin, and porous enough to exchange substances at the tissue level of organization?
capillaries Capillaries are narrow, microscopic tubes that are porous
What is the role of the lymphatic system with respect to the cardiovascular system?
collecting excess tissue fluids and returning them to the cardiovascular system
Which body system will return excess tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system?
lymphatic
When dissecting a specimen, the students noticed that the arteries were thicker and more elastic than the veins. Why?
Arteries are under greater pressure.
The excess fluid from the cardiovascular system that enters the lymphatic system is called _____
lymph
My grandmother takes a prescription drug that dilates her arterioles. What does this do to her blood pressure? Why?
It falls because this increases the cross-sectional area of the vessels.
Which arterial property enables it to resist the blood pressure?
elastic tissue in the arterial wall
The walls of veins are thinner, so they cannot expand as greatly as arteries can.
False
What is true about capillaries.
It is the site of nutrients, gas exchange, and waste exchange.
What is the function of valves in the veins?
prevent the backward flow of blood
What is the name of the thick, membranous sac that surrounds and protects the heart?
pericardium
At any one time, where is the majority of the blood found in the body?
veins Veins can serve as a blood reservoir, holding about 70% of the blood.
Dr. Ferguson explained that in a condition known as situs inversus, the internal organs are reversed in their orientation. Thus, the apex of the heart would be oriented to the _____
right Normally, the apex of the heart is tilted to the left.
What are the upper chambers of the heart called?
atria
What type of cell junctions are found in cardiac muscle tissue?
gap junctions and desmosomes
What are the string-like structures in the heart that anchor the atrioventricular valves?
chordae tendineae The chordae tendineae are strong fibrous strings.
During open-heart surgery, the first heart structure that would be cut into is the _____
pericardium pericardium is a thick membranous sac
Blood leaves which chamber of the heart to enter the lungs?
right ventricle
If the left semilunar valve were blocked, where would blood accumulate?
left ventricle The left ventricle sends blood through the semilunar valve to the aorta. If the valve was blocked, the blood would back up in the left ventricle.
A hospital laboratory technician injects a dye into a vein in your right arm. What is the first chamber of the heart that the dye will reach?
right atrium The veins from the body empty into the right atrium.