organismal bio

cells with linear chromosomal DNA packed into a membrane enclosed nucleus contain membrane enclosed organeless (mitochondia and/or plastids)

cells that have no nucleus and no membrane-enclosed organelles DNA contained in a circular chromosome (plasmids)

metabolism without oxygen

metabolism with oxygen

organisms that get energy from light—not all photoautotrophs do oxygenic photosynthesis

energy that comes directly from chemical rxns

organism that generates their own food from inorganic molecules

consumes food produced by other organisms

small, circular, double stranded DNA molecule that carries accessory genes separate from those of a bacterial chromosome

cell that doubles in cell that then splits into 2 cells method of asexual reproduction NO MITOSIS in prokaryotes

layers of rock that results from the activities of prokaryotes that bind thin films of sediment(ed) minerals together

family of closely related organelles including chloroplasts; found in photosynthetic eukaryotes

1st photoautotrophs that capture light energy thru oxygenic photosynthesis

a relationship between two species in which one organism lives inside the cell or cells of another organism ex: mitochondria and plastids

refers to all microorganisms found in a given well-defined habitat the collection of microorganisms living in or on an organism’s body along with their genetic material

acquired from the environment

passed down directly from parent to offspring ex: germline transmission of intracellular symbionts; acquisition during passage thru the birth canal

a specialized cell that engages in nitrogen fixation in some filamentous cyanobacteria

interactions between bacterial strains in which molecules resulting from the metabolism of one strain are further metabolized by another strain

in some cyanobacteria like Anabaena, some cells in chain will differentiate and become heterocysts allows spatial separation of nitrogen fixation (anaerobic) from photosynthesis (aerobic)

a surface coating colony of one or more species of microbes that engage in metabolic cooperation mats of cells that secrete and become stuck to each other in a matrix of polysaccharides and proteins - adheres to surface because cells are secreting sticky substances/sugars/proteins

if enough other microbes of the same type nearby —> a new density dependent activity is induced cells know when the population reaches high density thru the conc of secreted autoinducer molecules ex: bobtail squid

pheromone that lets cells know when the population reaches a high enough density

fungi secrete enzymes to digest its food externally