Hair & Fibre
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What does hair do? (not forensics related)
Regulates body temperature Acts as a sensory organ protects from the sun
What can hair tell a forensic scientist?
Human or not If not what animal Race Potentially DNA Where on the body Toxins ingested
Hair as class evidence
When it has the shaft, you can see the colour, general length, medulla pattern, pigmentation, cuticle pattern, and texture/thickness. This allows the scientists to narrow down the suspect to a group of people (curly haired, brown haired, certain pattern, etc).
Hair as individual evidence
Only individual when you have the root/follicle, containing the DNA.
How is hair collected?
Picking (tweezers) Vacuuming taping
Microscopic Properties of Hair
Medulla pattern Cortex pigmentation Cuticle scale pattern
Macroscopic Properties of Hair
Thickness Texture Length Colour
Structure of Hair
Cuticle Cortex Medulla
Cuticle
Transparent and protective, thin outer layer. Scales always point away from the root.
Cuticle scale pattern
Imbricate (human, dog) Coronal (bats, other rodents) Spinous (Cats)
Medulla Patterns
Continuous Interrupted Fragmented Solid Absent
Medullary Index
To find if the hair is human or animal. Animal - greater than 0.5 Human - less than 0.3 MI = width of medulla ————————– width of entire hair
NAA
Neutron Activation Analysis A nuclear process that allows scientists to determine if toxins had been ingested by an individual through their hair.
Cortex
Contains pigments and makes up the bulk of the hair. May also contain ovoid bodies and cortical fusi.
Medulla
May or may not be present in humans, typically always present in animals, never present in plants.
Fibre as Class Evidence
Fibres are mass produced which makes them class evidence unless they can be individualized, which is rare.
Direct fibre transfer
when a fibre from one persons clothing, etc directly transfers to another through contact with that person.
Secondary fibre transfer
when a fibre is picked up from a person or the environment, left by one person and is then transferred to a third person.
How is fibre collected?
Sticky lint roller Vacuuming Tweezing
How is fibre tested?
Non-destructive (scanning electron microscope or light compound microscope) or Destructive (burn)
Non-destructive fibre testing
Analyzing through the lense of a microscope when you have limited evidence to work with.
Destructive fibre testing
Burning the fibre to see how it burns or melts, its scent, its residue, and if it must touch the flame. This is done when the is plent of evidence to use. Density tests, solvent tests, staining tests, etc may also be used.
Classification of fibres
Fibres are classified by size, starting with the smallest unit, 1 individual fibre, then yarn, multiple fibres weaved together, to textiles, multiple strands of yarn woven together.
Classification of fibres 2
Fibres are also classified by type, synthetic or natural. Natural fibres come from the Earth - animal, plant, or minerals. Synthetic fibres are fibres that are man-made through chemical processes. - Regenerated or polymer.