Unit 17 - Inheritance
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Inheritance
The transmission of genetic information from generation to generation.
Chromosome
Thread-like structure of DNA, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
Gene
A length of DNA that codes for a protein.
Allele
A version of a gene.
Haploid Nucleus
A nucleus containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes (e.g. in gametes)
Diploid Nucleus
A nucleus containing two sets of chromosomes. (e.g. In body cells)
Mitosis
Nuclear division giving rise to genetically identical cells.
Meiosis
Reduction division in which the chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid resulting in genetically different cells.
Genotype
The genetic make-up of an organism in terms of the alleles present.
Phenotype
The observable features of an organism.
Homozygous
Having two identical alleles of a particular gene.
Heterozygous
Having two different alleles of a particular gene.
Dominant Allele
An allele that is expressed if it is present.
Recessive Allele
An allele that is only expressed when there is no dominant allele of the gene present.
Sex linked trait
As a characteristic in which the gene responsible is located on a sex chromosome and that this makes it more common in one sex than in the other.