Metals and Metal Extraction
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Why do metals have high boiling points?
because a metallic lattice is held together by strong forces of electrostatic attraction which require a lot of energy to overcome
Why are metals good electric conductors?
they have delocalised electrons which are free to move
Why are metals good thermal conductors?
they have delocalised electrons which move around the metal and transfer thermal energy to the ions
Why are metals malleable?
the ions are arranged in regular layers which can slide over each other and bend instead of break
Why are metals ductile?
layers slide over each other when pulled apart, forming a thin wire
What happens when a metal reacts with dilute acids?
they produce a salt and hydrogen
Write a general word equation for the reaction between metals and dilute acids.
metal + dilute acid -> salt + hydrogen
What happens when a metal reacts with water?
they form a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas
Write a general word equation for the reaction between metals and water.
metal + water -> metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas
What happens when a metal reacts with oxygen?
they form metal oxides
Write a general word equation for the reaction between metals and oxygen.
metal + oxygen -> metal oxide
Name 3 uses of aluminium.
• manufacture of aircraft • manufacture of overhead electrical cables • food containers
What is one use of copper?
electrical wiring
Why is aluminium suitable for the manufacture of aircraft?
it has a low density
Why is aluminium suitable for the manufacture of overhead electrical cables?
it has a low density and is a good electrical conductor
Why is aluminium suitable for food containers?
it is resistant to corrosion
Why is copper suitable for electrical wiring?
it is a good electrical conductor and ductile
What is the order of the reactivity series, from most to least reactive?
potassium sodium calcium magnesium aluminium carbon zinc iron lead hydrogen copper silver gold
What are the three most reactive metals?
potassium, sodium and calcium
Describe the reaction between sodium and cold water.
floats moves quickly heat from reaction melts sodium
Describe the reaction between potassium and cold water.
floats melts catches fire- burns with a lilac coloured flame
Describe the reaction between calcium and cold water.
reacts quickly water turns milky white
Describe the reaction between magnesium and steam.
reacts readily forms magnesium oxide and hydrogen
Describe the reaction between zinc and dilute hydrochloric acid.
bubbles formed slowly