Lecture 14 - Genetics Intro
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What is genetics?
Study of genes, heredity and variation
What is DNA composition and structure?
• composed of nucleotides (phosphate+5 carbon sugar+nitrogenous base) • 2 helical strands • 4 nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
What are purines?
Double-ring structure - adenine and guanine
What are pyrimidines?
Single-ring structure -cytosine and thymine
Where is DNA located?
On a cell’s nucleus Also present as mitochondrial DNA
What is DNA Directionality?
5’-hydroxyl group of the first nucleotide begins the strand and the 3’-hydroxyl group of the final nucleotide ends the strand
What are genes made up of? And functions?
DNA • direct all processes of the cell : “Blue Print of Life” • Physical and functional unit of heredity
How are genes important for the synthesis of proteins?
• Provide instructions for synthesis of proteins - “code” for a sequence of amino acids
What are the 3 types of sequences?
Coding regions (exon) Non-coding region (interon) Regulatory regions
What are Coding Regions?
Aka exon - specifies a sequence of amino acids
Non-coding region
Aka intron - does not specify a sequence of amino acids
What are regulatory regions?
When, where and quantity of the protein synthesized
What is gene expression?
Instructions from gene used to synthesize a gene product (such as a protein)
What is the genome?
The complete genetic material of an animal
What are the steps of DNA Replication?
• Separate 2 strands : unzipping completed by enzyme helicase - formation of “Replication fork” • Enzyme primase makes small portion of RNA: primer