Organic Chemistry Introduction
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What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound that contains hydrogen and carbon only
What are the different ways of representing organic molecules?
• Empirical formula • Molecular formula • Displayed formula • Structural formula
What is a homologous series?
• A series of organic compounds that have similiar features and properties due to them having the same functional group • They all have the same general formula • For example, alkenes are a homogolous series
What is a functional group?
• A group of atoms bonded in a specific arrangement that makes a compound part of a homogolous series • For example, C=C is the functional group for alkenes
What is an isomer?
Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but a different displayed/structural formula
What are the prefixes for organic compounds and how many carbon atoms do these names mean they have?
• Meth… - 1 carbon atom • Eth… - 2 carbon atoms • Prop… - 3 carbon atoms • But… - 4 carbon atoms • Pent… - 5 carbons atoms • Hex… - 6 carbon atoms
What are the suffixes for organic compounds and what family/homologous series do these names mean they are in?
• …ane - Alkane • …ene - Alkene • …anol - Alcohol • …anoic acid - Carboxylic acid • …yl …anoate - Ester • …amine - Amine
What is a subsitution reaction?
• A substituion reaction is where one functional group or atom is replaced by another • For example: Methane + Bromine = Bromomethane + Hydrogen Bromide
What is an addition reaction?
• An addition reaction is when two or more molecules combine to form a larger molecule with no other products • For example: Ethene + Bromine = Dibromoethane
What is a combustion reaction?
• A combusion reaction is when a compound reactions with oxygen to form smaller compounds and lets out alot of heat and light (burning) • For example: Methane + Oxygen = Carbon dioxide + Water