Cardiovascular system

• Is only fluid tissue in the body (incompressible) • It’s red and viscous (thick) • It’s a colloid (heterogeneous, but appears homogeneous) • A man’s body contains 5 to 6 L of blood and a woman’s body contains 4 to 5 L

• Plasma (55%) • Platelets and white blood cells (less than 1%) • Red blood cells (45%)

• Liquid of the blood • transparent and golden • makes up 55% of the blood • 90% of plasma is water (containing nutrients, antibodies, hormones, waste, etc.) • Plasma rise to the top centrifugation

• Transports nutrients to cell • Transports waste products from cellular activities • Transports antibodies, hormones, proteins, and other substances • solvent of blood, carries is constituents

• Red biconcave disks • no nucleus, few organelle • Transports oxygen with the help of a protein called hemoglobin • Transports CO2

-Transparent -Provide immunity and defence against diseases -Bigger than red blood cells, but less abundant

• Irregular fragments (pieces of cells) that comes from large cells in the bone marrow (not actually cells) • Help in the process of the blood clotting

• Platelets aid in blood coagulation (clotting) • When an injury occurs platelets group in the area and produce strands of fibrin to trap blood cells to form a clot.

Anaemia is a disease that results in the lack of oxygen in the blood, and is often associated with low iron, since you need iron to make hemoglobin

• Doesn’t have enough red blood cells • Doesn’t have enough hemoglobin in red blood cells • Has abnormally formed hemoglobin

Concentration = mass/volume

• blood types are determined by the presence or absence of one of the following on the membrane surface of the red blood cells (antigen a, antigen b, and Rhesus factor)

• A blood transfusion involves injecting blood into a person • Transfusions could be needed is a person has a certain disease or if someone has lost a lot of blood due to an injury

A- = antigen A and antibodies B & Rh B+ = antigen B & Rh and antibody A AB+ = all antigens (A, B , Rh) and no anitbody O- = no antigens and all antibodies (A,B,Rh)

• The body can tell the difference between itself (its own cells) and invading cells • Once the body recognizes an invading cell, it will destroy it • This is called an immune response

• antigens • molecules/proteins found on the surface of the red blood cells • Cause an immune response • On human red blood cells there are type A type B and Rh antigens

• Antibodies • proteins in the blood that recognize an attack foreign (outsiders) antigens • Opposite antibodies to the antigens you have

• If the blood is not compatible blood clumping or agglutination (can lead to death) will occur when the blood is mixed • This occurs when the receiver has antibodies against donor blood cells

Blood type Os have no antigens therefore the other types won’t have attack it, but blood type Os have antibodies for A&B antigens so any donor with A or B antigens, the Os will have a reaction (agglutination)

The antibodies of the donor or diluted by the recipient blood plasma (watery part of the blood) which is why this rarely causes agglutination leading to death

There is a blood compatibility when it is possible to transfer a blood product (donor) with a specific blood type (recipient) of the same blood or different without agglutination

• Blood (plasma, rbc, wbc, platelets) • blood vessels (to carry blood): vessels that carry O2 rich blood, and vessels that carry CO2 rich blood • The heart (pumps the blood throughout the body)

Large transportation net work all over the body Broken down into three categories: Arteries, capillaries, veins are you what are you

Most arteries are red, carrying oxygen, and most veins are blue, carrying CO2 (exception, pulmonary arteries and veins)