Proteins
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Parts of central carbon (C) atom
Carboxyl group – Amino group – H atom – Side chain (R), functional group
the 8 essential amino acids
Leucine Isoleucine Valine Threonine Methionine Phenylalanine Tryptophan Lysine
What is transamination
transfer of amino groups = non-essential amino acid
Primary protein structure
sequence of AA (no other bonds)
Secondary protein structure
local folding to helices - stabilised by (non-covalent) hydrogen bonds - carboxyl (C=O) and amide (N-H) groups
Tertiary protein structure
overall shape (3D folding)
Quaternary protein strutcure
arrangement of multiple polypeptides (sub-unit association)
Protein denaturation
An irreversible process in which the structure of protein is disrupted = partial/complete loss of function * Caused by: o Heat o pH o Mechanical actions (e.g. beating or whipping) o Alcohol/salts * Can result in coagulation (clotting or curdling => insoluble protein mass)
What are albumins
Protein dissolves in water fibrous - elongated, rope like
What are globulins
protein dissolve in dilute salt spherical
1g N = ? protein
1g N = 6.25g protein protein 16% nitrogen
Texture function of proteins
Gelling, foaming, coagualtion, emulsifying
Colour function of proteins
Myoglobin, maillard reaction, enzymatic browning
Flavour function of protein in foods
Sweetness, bitterness