M2 - Compounds, formulae, equations and acids
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What is an ion?
A charged species. Where the number of electrons and the number of protons differ.
What are cations?
Positive ions, species with fewer electrons than protons.
What are anions?
Negative ions, species with more electrons than protons.
What do atoms of metals on the left of the periodic table tend to do with their electrons?
Lose them to form cations.
What do atoms of non-metals on the right of the periodic table tend to do with their electrons?
Gain them to form anions.
What is a binary compound?
A compound containing only two elements. ends in an ‘ide’ eg hydroxide- oxygen and hydrogen
What are polyatomic ions?
Ions contain atoms of more than one element bonded together
What is the formula and charge of an ammonium ion?
NH(4) 1+
What is the formula and charge of a hydroxide ion?
OH- 1-
What is the formula and charge of a nitrate ion?
NO(3)-
What is the formula and charge of a nitrite ion?
NO(2)-
What is the formula and charge of a hydrogen carbonate ion?
HCO(3)-
What is the formula and charge of a carbonate ion?
CO(3) 2-
What is the formula and charge of a sulfate ion?
SO(4) 2- ate = means the ion contains oxygen
What is the formula and charge of a sulfite ion?
A sulphite ion is SO(3) 2-
What is the formula and charge of a phosphate ion?
PO(4) 3-
What is the formula and charge of a zinc ion?
Zn 2+
What is the formula and charge of a sodium ion?
Na 1+
What is the formula and charge of a halide ion?
F/Cl/Br/I/At 1-
What is the formula and charge of an aluminium ion?
Al 3+
What must an ionic compound have?
An overall charge of zero.
What is a diatomic molecule?
Two atoms of the same element bonded together.
Do covalent compounds contain ions?
No, they do not.
Where are state symbols shown in chemical equations?
In subscript in brackets after a formula.