U1-3 - Acids and Bases
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What is a pH scale?
A measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. Low pH = high concentration
Acidic solutions have pH…
less than 7.
Alkaline solutions have pH…
more than 7.
Neutral solutions have pH…
equal to 7.
Soluble metal oxides turn solution pH…
alkaline.
Soluble non-metal oxides turn solution pH…
acidic.
Insolube oxides turn solution pH…
neutral (no effect).
Environmental problems caused by non-metal oxide gases
Acid rain, ocean acidification, greenhouse effect.
Base
A substance which can neutralise an acid
Acid
Substance which contains hydrogen ions (H+)
Alkali
Soluble base
Neutralisation
A reaction between an acid and a base which produces a salt and water.
Metal oxide + Acid → …
Salt + Water
Metal hydroxide + Acid → …
Salt + Water
Metal carbonate + Acid → …
Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide
Sodium chloride is a salt. Where does the ‘sodium’ part come from?
Parent base (sodium oxide, hydroxide or carbonate)
Sodium chloride is a salt. Where does the ‘chloride’ part come from?
Parent acid (hydrochloric acid)
Phosphoric acid makes …. salts.
phosphate
Sulfuric acid makes …. salts.
sulfate
Formula for hydrochloric acid
HCl
Formula for sulfuric acid
H2SO4
Formula for phosphoric acid
H3PO4
Colour of universal indicator in acid
Red (red/orange/yellow)
Colour of universal indicator in alkalis
Blue/purple