Bio Chap 17,18
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The function of the tumor suppressor is to _____
Prevent cell division when conditions are not right for cell division.
In general, for a tumor to form, which gene or genes must mutate?
Both the proto-oncogene and the tumor suppressor gene must mutate.
The difference between and benign tumor and a malignant tumor is that ________.
A benign tumor does not invade other tissues, a malignant tumor does.
Complete this sentence. metastasis means that _________.
Tumor cells have broken off from the primary mass and have travelled via lymphatic vessels or blood vessels to new locations.
Which is the best definition of apoptosis?
Apoptosis is a cellular repair mechanism whereby certain cells commit suicide.
What are disease suddenly became much more common in the 1950’s.
Lung cancer
The effects of smoking on one particular group of people captured everyone’s attention about the dangers of cigarettes. Who was this group of people?
Doctors
Smoking kills ___________, and smokers die ____________ younger.
1 in 2 people; 10 years
What is the key feature that characterizes emphysema?
Much less surface area in the lungs.
Emphysema can lead to larger, pouch-like alveoli. Why is this a problem?
Larger, pouch- like alveoli translates to less total surface area for transporting oxygen into the blood stream.
A person with emphysema usually has less energy and less strength than a healthy person. Why?
He or she is not getting enough oxygen to all of the cells in the body.
There is a strong link between smoking and emphysema — nearly 97% of people with emphysema were heavy smokers at some point in their life. Given that fact what can you assume?
Choosing not to smoke will probably decrease your chances of having emphysema.
What is the name of the virus that is associated with a high risk of developing cervical cancer?
Human papilloma virus
What is the “ gold standard “ test for screening for cervical cancer, available for over 50 years?
Pap test or papanicolaou test
A child is born with the mutation for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Will he get the disease?
He may or may not get the disease.
Which two body systems appear to be most involved with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia?
Immune and circulatory
You develop a drug that will prevent the second mutation that leads to acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. What are you targeting?
Cytokines
Does the gut microbiome have a profound effect on the chance to get acute lymphoblastic leukaemia?
A less diverse gut microbiome is linked to an increase in the chance of getting acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
A child is diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Is there treatment and what would be the prognosis.
There is treatment, and it is likely to be successful.
You are working on a tumor-agnostic treatment for lung cancer. What is the mechanism of action?
The cancers genetic make-up
Your aunt specializes in oncogenes. What does she study?
Genes that trigger cancer
New cancer therapies focus on using what in the human body?
The patients immune system.
You discover that a type of skin cancer is very similar to typical cases of thyroid cancer in its cause. How many mutations cause this skin cancer?
1
When treating cancer it is best to consider what?
Based on the type of cancer the patient has as well as the individual patient.