Unit 2 - Hydrocarbons/Homologous series

Material such as coal,gas or oil that is burned to produce energy

Separation technique to separates a mixture into a number of different parts, called fractions. A tall fractionating column is fitted above the mixture, with several condensers coming off at different heights. The column is hot at the bottom and cool at the top.

Combustion = burning. When hydrocarbons are burned, they react with O2 to produce H2O and CO2

For energy

Combustion

Hydrogen and carbon atoms

A family of compounds which have the same general formula and similar chemical properties.

Homologous series of hydrocarbons All carbon to carbon bonds are single covalent bonds Names all end in -ane

CnH2n+2

CnH2n

Starts with cyclo and end in -ane They form a sort of cirlce. Are saturated so are carbon to carbon single covalent bonds.

Names all end in -ene All alkenes are unsaturated (double bond) Contain at least 1 carbon to carbon double bond

• Find the longest carbons chain and name it (using prefixes and ending in -ane). • Name any chain (count the number of carbon in the chail, use the prefix and add -yle at the end). • Determine the position of the branched Longest chain of carbons and name if using prefixes and add -ane at the end number the carbons do it the direction that will make the branch a low number Name what carbon the branch is on Use di for 2 branches, tri for 3 If two branches are coming off each other use ethane

• find the longest chain of carbons containing double bond and name it using prefixes and add -ene at the end • Number the double bond making sure it’s in the direction to get a small number • Add this number between the prefix and -ene e. g: Pent-2-ene

Meth You cannot have double bond if you only have one carbon

Fuels

used as a solvent

Polymers and making alcohols

Unsaturation (=double bond) Test: using bromine water (an orange/brown solution) Result: Bromine water decolourised in the presence of unsaturation (double bonds)

Bromination or dihalogenation Forming a dihaloalkanes.

• name of reaction: Hydrogenation • Products formes: alkanes

Addition reaction with water is called: hydration Forming alcohols

C9H20 + 14O2 –> 10H2O + 9CO2

Water and carbon dioxide.