Unit 2 - Layers of the Internet

A machine that can run a program including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors

A group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data

A group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose

The series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a receiver

The maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually measured in bits per second

The time it takes for a bit to travel from its sender to its receiver

Information passed through the internet in packets.

The principle that internet service providers should treat all data traffic equally, regardless of its content, source, destination, or application

A protocol for sending data across the internet that assigns unique numbers (IP addresses) to each connected device

The unique number assigned to each device on the internet

A chunk of data sent over a network. Larger messages are divided into packets that may arrive at the destination, in order, out-of-order, or not at all

A type of computer that forwards data across a network

The inclusion of extra components so that a system can continue to work even if individual components fail, for example by having more than one path between any two connected devices in a network.

Can continue to function even in the event of individual component failures. This is important because elements of complex systems like a computer network fail at unexpected times, often in groups.

The capacity for the system to change in size and scale to meet new demands

The unequal access to information and communication technology resources between different groups of people

A protocol for sending packets quickly with minimal error-checking and no resending of dropped packets

A protocol for sending packets that does error-checking to ensure all packets are received and properly ordered

The system responsible for translating domain names (like example.com) into IP addresses

The foundation of data communication on the World Wide Web. It’s a set of rules that govern how web browsers and web servers communicate to exchange information, such as web pages, images, and other content

Data added to packets to help route them through the network and reassemble the original message.

A system of linked pages, programs, and files.

The practice of controlling or restricting access to information on the internet