Stem cells in adult systems
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Where are embryonic stem cells found?
The blastocyst- very early stage embryo
Where are tissue stem cells found?
Found in tissues of the body- in the fetus, baby, child and adult
How many cells can ESC make?
All the cells of the body- pluripotent
What do we want to use ESC for?
• Understanding how diseases develop 2. Test drugs in the laboratory
What is cellular homeostasis?
The ability to regulate internal conditions- usually by a system of feedback controls
What causes increased RBC production in pregnant women?
Increased level of oestrogen-> hyperactivation of haemotopoietic stem cells
What do mesenchymal stem cells produce?
• Bone • Cartilage • Fat • Muscle • Tendon • Ligament
What do haemotopoietic stem cells produce?
All the blood cell types- myeloid progenitors and lymphoid progenitors
What do HSC respond to?
Physiological signals- hormones etc.
Where are quiescent and active HSC found?
Quiescent= endosteal zone Active HSC= vascular niche
Where are muscle SCs found?
On the muscle fibers Ensheathed by the basement membrane
Which factors interact with muscle SCs?
cytokines growth factors ECM molecules ligands on muscle fibres
What do epithelial cells produce?
Skin gut other linings
What do neural stem cells produce?
Neurons glial cells retinal cells
Where are NSC located?
The subventricular zone