fats and oils
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How many kcal per gram of fat
9
How many kcal per gram of alcohol
7
How many kcal per gram of protein
4
How many kcal per gram of carbs
4
What is a calorie
“amount of heat required to raise the temp of 1g of water 1°C (from 14.5-15.5°C)”
kcal x ? = kJ
4.2
What is a triglyceride made up of
glycerol + 3x fatty acids
Is glycerol hydrophillic or hydrophobic
hydrophillic
are triglycerides hydrophillic or hydrophobic
hydrophobic
Is UFA most naturally occuring in cis or trans form
cis
two types of trans fatty acids (TFA)
Artificial TFA (industrial) Natural TFA (ruminant)
C4:0
Butyric acid Butanoic acid
C18:0
Stearic acid Octadecanoic acid
C18:1 (cis 9)
Oleic acid 9-Octadecanoic acid
C18:2 n-6
Linoleic acid (LA) 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid
C18:3 n-3
α-Linolenic acid (ALA) 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid
Chemical reactions involving double bonds
• Oxidation (indirectly via ROS) = off flavour – Hydrogenation (cis > trans) – Iodine binding for analysis