Week 2
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What are the three classifications of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides Oligosaccharides Polysaccharides
What is the chemical structure of Carbohydrates
CH2O
What carbohydrate is often referred to as “simple sugars”
Monosaccharides
What are the 3 main Monosaccharides
Glucose Fructose Galactose
What are the three main types of Oligosaccharides ?
Sucrose Lactose Maltose
4 roles of carbohydrates in the body
Energy source Protein sparer Metabolic primer Fuel for the CNS
What are the three groups of Lipids
Simple (triglycerides) Compound (Cholesterol) Derived (steroids)
What is the major storage form of fat in Adipocytes
Simple Lipids (triacylglycerols primarily)
Difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids ?
Saturated = single bonds Unsaturated = double bonds
5 roles of Lipids in the body
Energy source and reserve Protection of vital organs Thermal insulation Vitamin carrier Hunger suppressor
Name the process of protein metabolism
Deamination
After protein metabolism, what are carbon skeletons used for?
Gluconeogenesis Energy source Fat synthesis
What is the most rapid method of ATP generation?
ATP-PCr system
What is the rate-limiting enzyme involved in ATP-PCr system
Creatine Kinase
90% of Creatine Kinase is found where?
Cytosine of the cell
What stimulates Creatine Kinase activity ?
ADP
What inhibits Creatine Kinase activity ?
ATP
What does the ATP-PCr system require ?
ADP PCr CK
What system utilises ADP for short duration high intensity exercise?
Adenylate Kinase
What is the chemical reaction for the Adenylate Kinase system ?
2 ADP ATP + AMP enzyme: Adenylate Kinase
What is AMP?
Adenosine Monophosphate
What does AMP stimulate ?
Glycolysis
In Glycolysis, how many pyruvate molecules comes from glucose ?
Two
What is the rate-limiting enzyme of Glycolysis ?
Phosphofructokinase