Lecture 1 - Health Promotion

health is the absence of disease health is represented on a continuum (the health-illness continuum) with health on one end, and illness on the other → health is the absence of disease

Health is a complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing health and illness are viewed as distinct but interrelated concepts

positive - not merely the absence of disease Comprehensive to all its determinants - very attentive to the mental health dimension

Conceptualization of health that reflects both the actualization and stability perspectives Health is a resource for daily living - the extent to which an individual is able to realize aspirations, satisfy needs and cope/ change with their environment (physical, social, etc.) Includes the following qualities: 1. Having satisfying social relationships 2. Having a feeling of control over life and living conditions 3. Being able to do things that you enjoy 4. Having a sense of purpose 5. Feeling connected to a community

Focuses on treatment of disease, emphasized that medical intervention restores health. Health problems are defined as physiological risk factors to disease. downstream approach - does not focus on health promotion, only treatment

Places responsibility on the lifestyle choices and behavior’s of INDIVIDUALS Primary Prevention - promotes individual health practices via healthy behaviour aimed to decrease behavioural risks

Aims to improve the health of the entire population and to reduce health inequities among population groups Identifies and recognizes the interactions between individual and societal factors that determine population health status

Views health as the product of both individual and social, economic and environmental determinants that provide incentives and barriers to health Determinants: 1. Physiological Risk Factors - genetic 2. Psychosocial Risk Factors - mental and social 3. Behavioural Risk Factors - health harming behaviours 4. Environmental Risk Conditions - economic and environmental

declaration that identifies the prerequisites for health and 5 major strategies to promote health Socio-Environmental Approach to Health

• Peace • Shelter • Education • Food • Income • Stable ecosystem • Sustainable resources • Social justice • Equity

• Build healthy public policy • Strengthen community action • Create supportive environment • Develop personal skills • Reorient health services

Identifies: 3 health challenges 3 health promotion mechanisms 3 implementation strategies emphasizes society’s responsibility for providing supports via implementation strategies for health promotion

acknowledged the Ottawa Charter’s prerequisites of health and added: 1. empowerment of women 2. social security 3. respect for human rights 4. social relations

Affirmed health as a human right and emphasized mental and spiritual well being as important elements

Identified social determinants of health as crucially important Recognized that social and health policies increase social and economic inequalities and health disparities - society has a responsibility to reduce these

the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health Increases levels of well-being and self-actualization

provides a multifaceted approach to consider the social determinants of health in nursing health assessment • Who - what level of society should be affected • What - what determinant of health is being addressed • How - what health promotion strategy are we using to improve health • Why - ensures the policies created focus on the correct issues, take effective action, and produce successful results

• primary prevention (health promotion and illness prevention) • secondary prevention (diagnosis and treatment) • tertiary prevention (rehabilitation, health restoration, and palliative care)