Anatomy And Physiology Of The Nervous System

Conducting towards the center

Conducting away from the center

The junction of a nerve cell with another nerve cell, sensory receptor cell, or effector cell

The system that controls and coordinating the actions of the effective tissues Reflexes: automatic unconscious response to an effective tissue due to stimulus

Animals mainly call on reflexes to respond to things the majority of the time Primary job: protection

Irritability: internal and eternal…anything that affects an animals homeostasis Conductivity: the signal from one point to another Control, Integrate, Coordinate

Basic unit of the nervous system If body is dead, neuron is dead No centrioles in nerve system You can’t make new neurons

Cyton (or soma): nerve cell body (NCB) Axon: get info Dendrites: get info

Gaps between two neurons plus effector tissue synapse on the end of the muscle bundle…motor end plate Transmits acetylcholine Chemical transmission

Nuclei: groups of NCB found in CNS Tracts: groups of processes found in CNS Ganglia: groups of NCB found in PNS Nerves: groups of processes found in PNS ALL SPINAL NERVES ARE MIXED NERVES

A network of interconnecting nerves or blood vessels

An involuntary response of a part to a stimulus

Anything external or internal, chemical or physical that can cause a response to an organ, system, or organism

Central Nervous System (CNS):nuclei and tracts located in brain or spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):ganglia and nerves not in brain or spinal cord Somatic Portion:ganglia and nerves associated with skeletal muscle Autonomic Portion: ganglia and nerves associated with cardiac, smooth, and glands

Higher brain functions (learning, reasoning, deduction, emotion)

Maintains posture and controls locomotion

Receives and filters all incoming signals (except auditory) before going to cerebral cortex

Primary center for emotion and comfort (body temp, eating, sleeping, hormone release, drinking, sex)

Releases tropic substances that controls growth and affects actions of glands like the thyroid, adrenal, gonads

Serves as switching and relay center between forebrain and hindbrain

Connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum

Center for vital reflexes (breathing, heart rate, swallowing)

Modifies outgoing signals for movement, posture, and muscle tone, and prioritizes incoming signals. Contains reflex areas for breathing, sneezing, coughing, and vomiting

Extension of CNS that routes tracts to and from brain and PNS