Stoichiometry
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Exothermic:
Energy is released.
Endothermic:
Energy is absorbed.
Evidence of a chemical reaction:
Colour change, light given off, heat released/absorbed, smell, formation of precipitate or a gas, smoke.
Formation:
A + B = AB
Decomposition:
AB = A + B
Combustion:
Compound + oxygen = oxide products
Single replacement:
AB + C = A + BC
Double replacement:
AB + CD = AD + CB
Sig digs of adding and subtracting:
Round to the least number of decimal places found in the question.
Sig digs of multiplying and dividing:
Round to the least number of sig digs in the question.
What are the five main combustion products?
CO2, H2O, NO2, SO2, and a metal+O
Law of Conservation of Mass:
The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. For example, the carbon atom in coal becomes carbon dioxide when it is burned. The carbon atom changes from a solid structure to gas but its mass does not change.
Law of Conservation of Energy:
The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed - only converted from one form of energy to another. This means that a system always has the same amount of energy unless it’s added from the outside. For example, an object falling from a certain height converts its potential energy to kinetic energy and at all instant total mechanical energy remains constant.
How do you convert atoms to moles?
of atoms / molar mass of element(s)
How do you convert moles to atoms?
of mols x (6.02 x 10^23)
Gravity Filtration:
Gravity filtration filters impurities from solutions by using gravity to pull liquid through a filter. The two main kinds of filtration used in laboratories are gravity and vacuum/suction.
Percent error/difference:
|Predicted-Experimental| / Predicted x 100
Glucose:
C6H12O6
Sucrose:
C12H22O11
Methanol:
CH3OH
Ethanol:
C2H5OH
Ammonia:
NH3
Methane:
CH4
Propane:
C3H8