Alkenes
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What are alkenes?
Hydrocarbons with carbon-carbon double bonds
alkenes are sometimes called…
Olefins
Many alkenes are found in what?
Plants and animals
What is the largest-volume industrial organic compound?
Ethylene
What is ethylene used to make?
Polyethylene and a variety of other industrial and consumer chemicals
What is pinene?
A major component of turpentine, the paint solvent distilled from extracts of evergreen trees
Which bonds are more stable?
Single bonds
What are the most common reactions of double bonds?
Transform the pi bond into a sigma bond
What is catalytic hydrogenation?
Example of addition reaction → pi bond and the sigma bond converted into 2 sigma bonds
Which bond is stronger and shorter
Alkenes → 152 kcal mol -1 1.33A
What bonds does C = C contain?
One sigma and one pi bond
Is rotation possible for a c=c?
No
Alkenes are saturated or unsaturated?
Unsaturated
Why is the product, an alkane, called saturated?
It cannot react with any more hydrogen
The presence of a pi bond decreases what?
The number of hydrogen atoms in a molecular formula → elements of unsaturation
One element of unsaturation corresponds to how many fewer hydrogen atoms ?
Two
A compound with two, three, and four double bonds are named as what?
2 → diene 3 → triene 4 → tetraene
What is conjugated diene?
Double bonds that are separated by just one single bond
What is isolated diene?
Double bonds being separated by two or more single bonds
Isolated or conjugated diene is more stable?
Conjugated
Alkenes named as substituents are called what ?
Alkenyl
What are the common alkenyl substituents?
Vinyl, allyl,methylene, and phenyl groups
How is the phenyl group different?
Its aromatic and doesn’t undergo the typical reactions of Alkenes
What is application of polyene?
Antifungal drug