Synthesis
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What are the two ways a covalent bond (shared pair of electrons) break in?
Homolytic fission Heterolytic fission
What do organic mechanisms show?
the movement of electrons throughout a reaction
What is the movement of a PAIR of electrons shown by?
a full curly arrow
What is the movement of a SINGLE electron denoted with?
a half curly arrow
What is homolytic fission?
the movement of a single electron from the pair of electrons in the covalent bond on to each of the atoms
What are the products of homolytic fission?
free radicals
What is a free radical?
a pecies with an unpaired electron
What does homolytic fission take place between?
atoms with similar electronegativity
What does homoltyic fission require a lot of?
energy e.g. high temps or UV light
What does homolytic fission lead to?
complex mixtures of products which makes it unsiutable for organic synthesis. It can also lead to chain reactions.
What does heterolytic fission involve?
the movement of a pair of electrons
When does heterolytic fission occur?
when the 2 electrons in the bond attach themselves to only one of the atoms
What does heterolytic fission result in the formation of?
ions
What does heterolytic fission produce?
fewer products, suitable for synthesis
What does heterolytic fission take place between?
atoms with a large difference in electronegativity (polar bond)