Tissues
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what are the 4 types of tissue
epithelial, muscle, nervous and connective
how many layers of cells in SIMPLE cells
one singular
how many cells in stratified cells
two or more layers
pseudostratified
one layer but looks like more
squamous epithelium
flattened cells
cuboidal epithelium
has cube shaped cells
columnar epithelium
has tall column shaped cells
exocrine glands
secrete into ducts leading to body surfaces
endocrine glands
lack ducts secrete products into spaces inside the body
skeletal muscle
Long and cylindrical cells (fibers) – Sartorius muscle longest in the body (60cm) Multinucleated Striated – arrangement of contractile proteins actin and myosin Under voluntary control Attached to bones via tendons – movement Allow flow of material – swallowing, urination and defecation
smooth muscles
cylindrical but tapered at each end single nucleus
cardiac muscles
branched and striated single nucleus autorhythmic
central nervous system (4) types
ependymal cells (produces CSF) oligodendrocytes (produce myelin sheath CNS) astrocytes(provide glucose to neurons) microglia
Peripheral nervous system
satelitte cells Schwann cells myelin sheath to pns
Connective tissue characteristics
most abundant binds supports protects insulates transports
Hyaline cartilage characteristics
tough but flexible avascular 3 types hyaline elastic fibrocartilage
compact bone characteristics
Remodels in response to stress Structural unit called an osteon – central canal Osteocytes also trapped in lacunae Communicate through tiny canals - Canaliculi produces RBC
Red Blood characteristics
Red blood cells (RBC) or Erythrocytes suspended in liquid matrix (plasma), transport oxygen (hemoglobin) and CO2 RBC are biconcave (increased surface area for binding of oxygen) and lack nuclei
White Blood characteristics
White blood cells (leucocytes) involved in immune response Phagocytosis
platelets (thrombocyts) function
involved in clotting process
Areolar Connective tissue
between muscles anchors skin to underlying tissue embedded with all three type of fibers elastic fibroblast collagen
Dense connective tissue
regular fibers all travel in same direction (tendons and ligaments) Irregular - fibers travel in different directions (dermis of the integument)
adipose tissue
functions as a fuel reserve adipocytes store triglycerides
what are the three types of attachments between cells
tight junctions - form a leak proof seal adhesion junctions (desmosomes) found between cardiac muscle cells gap junctions have small holes connecting the cytoplasm of adjacent cells