yu gi oh dark magican

caused by genetics not lifestyle usually from birth early degeneration of beta cells in islet of langerhans treated by insulin injections

associated with decreased insulin production insulin producing cells do not disappear as they do in juvenile diabetes but become less effective at producing insulin

temporary condition in pregnant women increased risk of type 2 diabetes in both mother and child body makes enough insulin for one person, not 2 this makes the pregnant lady diabetic only during the pregnancy due to not enough insulin to facilitate uptake of glucose

full: islet cells of pancreas secrete insulin –> use it; body cells increase cell permeability to glucose to generate ATP to lower blood sugar Store it; store excess glucose as glycogen or fatty tissue hungry: islet cells of pancreas secrete glucagon –> liver releases glucose from glycogen to raise blood sugar

high blood sugar without a way to get rid of it due to lack of insulin

too high blood sugar

Ant pituitary –> ACTH –> adrenal CORTEX –> cortisol –> all throughout body –> stimulate energy release from fats and proteins stored (long term storage)

you cannot escape anxiety and stress

sex hormones testosterone and estrogen cortisol - stimulates energy due to long term stress (from cortex) epinephrine - targets liver and muscles - stimulates glucose release for short term stress aldosterone - impacts distal tubule for na reabsorption

thyroxine - regulates metabolism, thyroxine increases metabolic processes

Anterior pituitary –> TSH –> thyroid gland –> thyroxine –> general

iodine is required to facilitate the negative feedback of thyroid (for thyroxine)

excessive secretion of thyroxine due to not enough iodine

the enlarging of the thyroid gland in the throat due to lack of iodine, the presence of which causes the negative feedback for thyroxine

not iodine related, but has to do with low thyroid secretion which leads to stunted growth due to slow metabolism and growth

facilitate growth through softening tissues to increase number of cells

hyper secretion: too much; gigantism hypo secretion: too little; dwarfism

thyroid gland –> calcitonin –> bone parathyroid gland –> PTH –> bone

bone - store calcium kidney - lose calcium intestine - lose calcium to lower blood calcium

bone - release stored calcium kidney - reabsorb calcium intestine - store it, absorb more to increase blood calcium

hypothalamus(POSTERIOR PITUITARY) –> KIDNEY –> water reabsorption

facilitates reabsorption of Na+ in kidney(also reabsorbs water as water follows solute)

the adrenal cortex