3: Redox I
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Define oxidation number.
The number of electrons that an atom used to bond with atoms of another element.
What are the oxidation numbers of a combined oxygen?
-2 -1 in peroxides +2 when bonded to fluorine
What are the oxidation numbers of a combined hydrogen?
+1 -1 in metal hydrides
Explain oxidation and reduction in terms of electron transfer and oxidation number.
Oxidation: Loss of electrons Oxidation number increases Reduction: Gain of electrons Oxidation number decreases
What happens to oxidising and reducing agents interms of electron transfer?
Oxidising agent - gains electrons Reducing agent - loses electrons
What is a disproportionation reaction?
An element in a single species is simultaneously oxidised and reduced.
How do metals generally form ions?
They form positive ions by loss of electrons with an increase in oxidation number.
How do non-metals generally form ions?
They form negative ions by gain of electrons with a decrease in oxidation number.