PPT
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Why are cells small
Allows the communication process faster and better Accommodation of larger quantities Requires less energy Faster diffusion
BAHAGI NI SIHAY (Cell) MITOCHONDRION CYTOPLASM LYSOSOME RIBOSOME CENTRIOLE NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
SULIDLAWAS SILIDKAPHAY BILUSLAWAS RIBOLAWAS GITBUTIL LAMAD NG BUTOD
BAHAGI NI SIHAY (Cell) 2 PLASMA MEMBRANE CHROMATIN NUCLEUS NUCLEOLUS GOLGI BODIES
LAMAD NG KAPHAY KULAYIN BUTOD IBUTOD GOLGILAWAS
Common features of all cells (7)
Universal Genetic Code Same 20 Amino Acids Universally conserved genes Making Proteins Chemiosmosis Metabolic pathways
Nucleic Acid Polymer
Nucleotide
Protein Dry Mass amount
50%
receptors for hormones or neurotransmitters
Transmembrane Proteins
serve to regulate the transport or signaling activities of transmembrane protein complexes
Peripheral Membrane Proteins
Membrane proteins covalently linked to OLIGOSACCHARIDES
Glycoproteins
These oligosaccharides are called ___, and sugar-linked proteins are therefore called glycoproteins.
glycans
Lipids in cell membrane
Phospholipids Cholesterol
Proteins in cell membrane(5)
Transport Proteins Receptor Adhesion Molecules Antigen Enzymes
Carbs in Cell Membrane
Glycoproteins Glycolipids
the movement of particles (solute) across or through a barrier. Essential homeostatic mechanism for regulating cellular ionic balance
Membrane Transport
MT maintainance pH Na+ K+ Ca2+
pH 7.5 Na+ 10mmol/L K+ 200 mmol/L Ca2+ 0.1 umol/L or less
Types of Membrane Transport (3)
Passive Transport Active Transport Vesicular Transport
Types of Passive Transport
Simple Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion
Types of Active Transport (2) Tiers below it (3)
Primary (pumps) Secondary (co-transport) Uniport, Symport, Antiport
Types of Vesicular Transport (2)
Endocytosis Exocytosis
Facilitated Diffusion undergo _____ change when they bind to a solute to be transported. It also undergoes a ___ so there is no longer a high affinity
Carrier proteins Allosteric Second conformational change
Facilitated Diffusion protein molecules that span across the cell membrane allowing the passage of ions from one side of the membrane to the other They have an ___ which becoems accessible to ions after a conformational change that opens it Responsible for excitability of cells neuronal of muscle cell responses
Ion Channel Proteins Aqueous pore
the diffusion of water across membranes from low to high solute concentrations allows cells to use water to maintain cellular integrity or to adapt to changes
Osmosis
Water movement of Osmosis
solute low to solute high
Osmosis HOH gain No change HOH loss
Hypotonic Isotonic Hypertonic