Forestry

Gifford Pinchot supported the ideas of conservation and sustainable use for forest areas.

Theodore Roosevelt used the Homestead Act to set aside forest reserves.

Ultisols are highly weathered soils with relatively high acidity.

The U.S. Forest Service was, at one time, under the Department of the Interior.

Flocculation is the adhering of soil particles under wet conditions.

The stand initiation stage of forest stand development typically favors shade tolerant tree species.

All nitrogen in an ecosystem’s nutrient cycle originally comes from the atmosphere

Conservationists traditionally promote the idea of non-use (leave-alone) for natural resources.

Site index is a site quality measure based on tree diameter

Conifers tend to favor soils with high acidity

What are the three major components of Forest Ecology? a) Composition, Structure, Function b) Composition, Site, Function c) Site, Disturbance, Succession

Interception of precipitation by trees and other plant life typically: a) Increases infiltration of water into the soil b) Increases surface runoff c) Reduces surface runoff and erosion d) a and c e) a and b

Recall the water balance formula P  Q  E  S , where S is the “change” in soil water storage. If P = 10, Q = 7, and E = 5, has soil water storage increased or decreased? a) Increased b) Decreased

• Increased rainfall/snowfall would most likely have what effect(s)? a) Increased transpiration b) Increased interception c) Decreased fire risk d) All of the above

The Florida Everglades have a tendency for high temperatures, humid conditions and high rainfall due to maritime climate conditions prevalent in that part of the U.S. The climate conditions in the Everglades is an example of what? a) Microclimate b) Macroclimate

A south-facing hillside next to one of several large lakes on the eastern edge of Medicine Bow National Forest in Wyoming tends to have higher humidity, more stable temperature fluctuations, and slightly higher precipitation than many of the surrounding areas. This is an example of what? a) Microclimate b) Macroclimate

“The Greatest Good for the Greatest Number in the Long Run” or some variation thereof, was a quote often used by what person, for the purpose of describing what concept? a) George Perkins Marsh, Conservation b) Gifford Pinchot, Conservation c) John Muir, Conservation d) Gifford Pinchot, Preservation e) None of the above

In early settlement days, the shortleaf pine region of the Ozarks was not heavily exploited because of what? a) Poor agricultural land b) Low timber value c) Isolation d) a and c

If a soil has a high amount of gravel present in the upper horizons, this does what to the bulk density of the soil? a) Does not change it b) Decreases it c) Increases it d) None of the above

If a soil has 20% clay, 40% silt, and 40% sand, what type of soil is it with regard to texture? a) Clay b) Sandy loam c) Loam d) Silty clay e) None of the above

If a soil has 45% clay, 45% silt, and 10% sand, what type of soil is it with regard to texture? a) Clay b) Sandy loam c) Loam d) Silty clay e) None of the above

The forest leaf litter (O horizon) can have what effects on soil temperature? a) Low thermal conductivity b) High thermal conductivity

Ultisols are strongly leached, acidic soils. What inputs do Ultisols often need to make them more suitable for row cropping? a) Calcium (Ca) b) Iron (Fe) c) Ammonia d) Carbon

Conifers tend to fair better than hardwoods and many other plants on acidic soils due to their ability to absorb what? a) Fe (Iron) b) Ca (Calcium) c) NO2 (Nitrite) d) NO3 (Nitrate) e) None of the above