Pancreatic Diseases
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
Pancreas What are the 2 exocrine funcions?
• Production of enzymes that are essential for digestion • Pancreatic juices released to duodenum help body digest food and ultimately release energy
Pancreas What are the enzymes produced by the pancreas to digest proteins (2)
• Trypsin • Chymotrysin
Pancreas Enzyme produced to digest carbs?
Amylase
Pancreas Enzyme produced to breakdown lipids
Lipase
Pancreas Where are these enzymes produced?
Acinar cells
Pancreas Endocrine fuction of pancreas?
Production of pancreatic hormones
Pancreas what are the 2 key pancreatic hormones and their function?
• Insulin • Glucagon Involved in blood sugar regulation
Pancreas where are these pancreatic hormones produced?
Islet cells
Pancreatitis what is pancreatitis?
Inflammation of the pancreas
Pancreatitis Description of acute pancreatitis
Sudden inflammation Short lived Return to normal function if resolved May cause serious complications including death
Pancreatitis Description of chronic Pancreatitis
Long lasting inflammation Periodically symptomatic Can lead to permanent damage -> scarring
Acute Pancreatitis Symptoms (8)
• Sudden severe pain + cramping in abdomen • Nausea and/or vomiting • Fever • Diarrhoea • Jaundice • Tachycardia (raised heartbeat)
Acute Pancreatitis Most common causes (2)
• Gallstones • Excessive alcohol intake
Causes of gallstones (2)
• Too much cholestrol • Too much bilirubin • Too much bile salts
What does having gallstones prevent?
Prevents passage of pancreatic enzymes to small intestine. They are forced back to pancreas
What is the name for gallstones in gallbladder
Cholelithiasis
Name for gallstones in bile duct
Choledocholithiasis
cause of cholesterol stones (3)
• Decreased bile production • Increased cholesterol output • Both
Causes of pigment stones (2)
• Disruption of bilirubin by bacterial enzymes • Precipitation of a calcium product that is then aggregated into stones
Risk factors of pigment stones (3)
• Pre existing liver disease • Obesity • Chronic alcohol consumption
Gallstones treatment (2)
• Medical: oral dissolution therapies to break down the stones. They can reoccur, only works for cholesterol stones. • Surgery: definitive treatment, key hole surgery that removes connections betweeen gallbladder, bile ducts and liver
Acute Pancreatitis How does alcohol intake contribute?
Causes precipitation and inceased viscosity of pancreatic secretions. This leads to protein plugs in small ducts which develop into calculi, causing inflammation and fibosis -> chronic pancreatitis
Acute Pancreatitis Diagnosis (3)
• Using biomarkers that indicate panceatic dysfunction-> including serum Amylase and Lipase • CT scan • Endoscopy