organic synthesis

• reagents required • presence of other f.g which may also react • conditions - temp,pressure,catalyst • Rate • yield - eqm reactions produce lower yield • atom economy • toxicity and flammability of reagents and products • cost of chemicals, demand for product • purifications problems • optical activity - producing one isomer only may be important for drug synthesis (also saves money as no need to discard half of product)

requires ectra separation processes to remove products from solvent - costly and reduces yield gas phase reactions preferrable therefore as no solvent required if a solvent must be used, water is the best option as its non-toxic, non-flammable and not volatile (many organic solvents are)

fewer steps produce a higher yield (products lost at each step) and higher atom economy a high atom economy is important because it means less byproducts are formed so less separation needed to obtain a high purity product (which increases yield). it also means there is less waste = lower disposal cost

https://boscollege.sharepoint.com/sites/Y13Chemistry2020-2021/Class%20Materials/Organic%20Analysis%20&%20Synthesis%202021/ANSWERS%20AQA%20Organic%20Synthesis%20Summary%20Aliphatic%20and%20Aromatic%20reactions.pdf