Topic 13
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State the function of the immune system:
The immune system protects the body from infectious disease. It is involved in tissue repair and protection against potential pathogens.
Outline the mechanisms the body uses in response to damage or an infectious agent.
innate: Physical: skin, epithelial linings, mucosal Chemical: pH of bodily fluids, hormones and other soluble factors Leucocytes: white blood cells that fight disease Adaptive: Inflammation Clotting Lymphocyte and antibody production
Describe the effects of intense and long-term training on the immune system.
An intense bout of exercise can cause tissue damage and so is accompanied by responses that are similar to those of an infection, such as: increase in leukocytes (dependent on the duration and intensity of exercise) inflammation. When training loads are high and prolonged, there tends to be a decrease in innate and adaptive immune function. • Sustained increases in levels of cortisol and adrenaline over long periods suppress the immune system. Leukocyte numbers drop compared to sedentary people.
Discuss the relationship between exercise and susceptibility to infection.
· Athletes· Athletes are more susceptible to infections than their sedentary peers because of: I. lower leucocyte numbers caused by the stress of the exercise 2. Inflammation caused by muscle damage 3. Greater exposure to airborne bacteria and viruses because of an ↑ rate and depth of breathing are more susceptible to infections than their sedentary peers because of: I. lower leucocyte numbers caused by the stress of the exercise 2. Inflammation caused by muscle damage 3. Greater exposure to airborne bacteria and viruses because of an ↑ rate and depth of breathing
Describe strategies for minimising risk from infection among athletes
· Good hygiene, limit hand mouth contact-wash hand, skin, clothes, rest, recovery, Diet, avoid other with infections