Reactivity 2.1

Because there is a fixed relationship between the number of reactant particles and the number of product particles (stochiometry)

Stoichiometric coefficients (gives the molar ratio)

Only the no. of particles and by the temp and pressure

The volume occupied by one mole of any gas

• The same • The same conditions of temp and pressure

When the end point is hard to identify or when one of the reactants is impure.

A known excess of one of the reactants is added to the reaction mixture, and the unreacted excess is then determined by titration against a standard solution. By subtracting the amount of unreacted reactant from the original amount used, the reacting amount can be determined.

The reactant that runs out first. It determines the amount of product that can be formed

The max amount of product that can be formed according to the balanced eq

The actual amount of product obtained when the experiment is performed

The experimental yield divided by the theoretical yield expressed as a percentage

• side rxns occuring • decomposition of reactants and/or products • loss of product during purification • reversible chemical rxns preventing process completion • an incomplete rxn

• impurities in a product • when a product has not been fully dried • an incomplete rxn

A solution of a known conc

An approach to chemical research and manufacture that tries to minimise the production and release of hazardous substances, inc solvents used.

A way of evaluating the ‘greenness’ of efficiency of a process