paper 2 - section 7 - data representation
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what are logic gates?
special circuits built into computer chips. They receive binary data, apply a boolean operation, then output a binary result
how many inputs and outputs do NOT gates have?
one of each
what do not gates do?
the output is always the opposite value to the input. If 1 is input, it outputs 0. If 0 is input, it outputs 1
how many inputs and outputs does an AND gate take?
it takes 2 inputs and gives 1 output
what does an AND gate do?
if both inputs are 1, the output is 1, otherwise the output is 0
how many inputs and outputs does an OR gate have?
2 inputs and 1 output
what does an OR gate do?
if one or more inputs are 1, then the output is 1, otherwise the output is 0
what does a NOT gate look like?
a sideways triangle with a small circle at the tip
what does the AND gate look like?
the letter D
what does an OR gate look like?
an arrowhead
what are two-level logic circuits?
logic circuits that require the inputs to pass through a maximum of 2 logic gates to reach the outputs
what is the symbol for AND?
/\
what is the symbol for OR?
\/
what is the symbol for NOT?
¬
what is the smallest measure of data?
bits
what do computers use to represent the flow of electricity?
binary
does a 1 mean electricity is flowing or isn’t flowing?
is flowing
does a 0 show that electricity is flowing or that it isn’t flowing?
that it isn’t flowing
what is a byte big enough to store?
one character
what is the file size of most files (like songs, pictures and documents) measured in?
kB or MB
what are high definition videos and complex applications often measured in?
gigabytes
what is secondary storage capacity measured in?
gigabytes or terabytes
why is each unit 1024 (not 1000) times bigger than the previous unit?
because 1024 is a power of 2 which is helpful when dealing with binary data
what is the formula to find out how many different values a data unit can take?
2^n where n is the number of bits