SOCIAL STUDIES

a period of rebirth after the Middle Ages that began in Northern Italy and spread through Europe from the 1400s to the 1600s

invented the movable type in the 1400s which caused books to be printed and no longer copied by hand; people became more educated.

an overland trade route running from China to the Black Sea in Europe, stretching over 5,000 miles to trade silks, spices, and jewels

a continent rich in gold, diamonds, oil, salt, ivory, and slaves

Until the 1860s, the country of Italy was a nation of individual city states; some of the most important were Genoa, Florence, and Venice.

exclusive control or rights to something; the Italians had a monopoly of trade in the Mediterranean Sea.

a group of countries or territories that are under the control of a single ruler (e.g. Spanish Empire, French Empire, British Empire)

a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country.

the action or process of settling among and establishing control over the indigenous people of an area

Europe, Africa and Asia

a/k/a The Indies and The Far East

Trade/commercial

viking who landed in present-day Canada in the year 1000

Portuguese prince who established a school of navigation and paid for expeditions

device used to determined location based on the position of the stars

Portuguese ships that used triangular sails to sail against the wind. Had rudders to improve steering.

boundary between Spanish and Portuguese territories in the New World

a treaty between Spain and Portugal to move the line of Demarcation

the idea that a country that explored a newly found land was entitled to own and rule it.

to travel all the way around the globe

the transfer of plants, animals, and disease between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa