UNIT 2: Week 3

• Afferent (sensory) input • Efferent (motor) output

• mechanoreceptors in skin, ligaments, muscles, tendons

• muscle inhibition

• activation • agility • balance • coordination • proprioception

• ability to voluntary contract a muscle in isolation

• following injury (such as ACL), clients may be unable to voluntarily contract that muscle (arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI)

• most commonly seen in quads after knee injury • pain and swelling activate sensory receptors in the joint, which send a signal to the spinal cord to inhibit muscle contraction

• ex. vastus medialis 1. ask client to contract muscle 2. observe for isolated muscle contraction and signs of function 3. palpate muscle to determine degree and duration of voluntary contraction before fatigue

• ability to change direction to achieve a specific goal

• Modified agility or T test

• complex motor control process that integrates sensory info to execute appropriate motor actions to control body positions in the context of the environment and task

• when the centre of gravity is within the base of support

• BESS (balance scoring error system) • Y balance test

• ability to execute accurate, smooth, controlled movement patterns

• single leg squat test

• knee vs hip dominant • dynamic knee valgus

• ability to sense limb movement and positioning in space

• through joint position sense

• ability to reproduce a joint position

• Frequent practice • Meaningful practice (imp and challenging) • Vary sensory input • Attentional focus • Implicit learning • Autonomy

• to resolve neuromotor impairments • to reduce injury recurrence risk

• isolation • amplify/occlusion of one sensory system • cueing

• auditory • imagery • proprioceptive • visual

• focus on environment ie. place cone in front of knee and ask them to reach knee towards it