Chapter 5: Cellular Respiration

-breaks down glucose to ATP (one adenosine bonded to 3 phosphates) C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

• breaking of bonds - happens with ATP to release energy

• reduced when gain pair of electrons • oxidized when lose pair of electrons • stores energy in electrons

NAD+ and H+ and 2 electrons –> NADH

FAD and 2H+ and 2 electrons –> FADH2

C6H12O6 + 2ATP + 2NAD+ –> 2 pyruvate + 4 ATP + 2NADH -produces 36 ATP

• group of enyzmes that prepare pyruvate to enter the Krebs Cycle • removes one of the carbons from pyruvate and attaches the 2 C molecule to coenzyme A to form Acetyl Co-A • removal of C forms another NADH and CO2 byproduct • bc 2 molecules of pyruvate, there are 2 NADH, acetyl co-A, and 2 molecules of CO2

• acetyl co-A is combined with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid • citric acid is broken down one carbon at a time until it becomes the original oxaloacetic acid • creates 3 NADH, one FADH2, and one moleulce of ATP • releases CO2 • runs twice for every glucose molecule • aerobic

-process in which ATP is formed as a result of the transfer of electrons from NADH or FADH 2 to O2 by a series of electron carriers

• process in which NADH and FADH2 hand electrons to a chain of carrier molecules until they are given to oxygen which then forms water • aerobic • when the carriers release electrons, the energy is used to pump hydrogens into the mitochondrial space • ATP synthase pumps the H+ ions into the matrix, creating energy to form ATP

-catabolic process that can create ATP if there is enough NAD+ (converted from NADH) to accept electrons during glycolysis -alcoholic: process cells convert pyruvate from glycolysis into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide Pyruvate + NADH –> CO2 + 2Ethanol + NAD+ -lactic acid: pyruvate is reduced to form lactic acid (lactate) pyruvate + NADH –> lactic acid +NAD+