Test 2: Chapter 4
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What are the 5 major food nutrients?
Fats Proteins Carbs Vitamins Minerals
What are the food scientists view on the nutritive aspects of food?
Important nutrients of food and the man’s needs for these. Stability if the important nutrients and the amounts of each destroyed by processing. Ex- heat/or air is destructive to vitamin C
___ is the major constituent from a % standpoint and is necessary for the human body to utilize the 5 major nutrients.
Water
Man’s energy comes from what?
Carbs Fats Proteins
What is a small calorie? Large calorie?
Amount of heat needed to raise temp of 1g water 1 degree C Found in food- amount of heat needed to raise 1000g water 1 degree C
What is the instrument used to determine the energy in foods and feeds?
Bomb calorimeter
What are the large calories per gram in fat? Protein? Carbs?
9 4 4
The need for calories by our food include what?
Body heat Body tissue synthesis Energy for work
What is the cheapest calorie? Most expensive?
Carbs Proteins
What are the major contributions of carbs to us?
An economical source of energy Helps the body use fat efficiently Has a sparing effect on proteins
___ proteins are superior to ___ plant proteins because there are more essential amino acids in them, thus making them more complete proteins. Like an egg.
Animal Plant
What is the essential fatty acid and why do we need it?
Linoleic Have to have it for healthy skin and growth
What is the vitamin A deficiency called? What are it’s sources?
Night blindness Meats and beta carotene
What are beta carotene sources?
Milk, green leafy vegetables, fish and plants
Beta carotene is a ___ to vitamin A. The body will convert it to vitamin A.
Precursor
What is vitamin D known as? What is the deficiency? What are its precursors and sources?
Sunshine vitamin Rickets Sterols Milk, liver, fish
What is vitamin E imprtant for? It is a strong ___. What are its sources?
Healthy skin Antioxidant Vegetable oils
What is the vitamin K deficiency and its sources?
Blood won’t clot Spinach
What are the water soluble vitamins?
C, B, niacin
What is vitamin C? What is the deficiency and sources?
Ascorbic acid Scurvy- bleeding of gums/tooth loss Orange juice and tomato juice
What is vitamin B1? What does the deficiency cause? What are its sources?
Thiamin Disease beri-beri- nervous disorder Egg yolk, liver and pork
Vitamin B1 is sensitive to what?
Sulfur dioxide (SO2), because we use SO2 as an anti-microbial agent as well as a color preservative in foods. SO2 destroys vitamin B1.
What is vitamin B2 and what do we need it for? What are its sources?
Riboflavin Need it for normal growth and healthy skin Milk, liver and eggs
What does niacin help prevent? What are its sources?
Pellagra- skin sores and nervous seizures Red meats and coffee