Digestion
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Mechanical digestion
Cutting/tearing food into smaller pieces
Chemical digestion
Breakdown of food using enzymes
Overveiw of digestive system (4 main steps)
Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption of nutrients, Egestion
What types of digestion does the mouth do?
mechanical and chemical
Where is saliva secreted?
3 pairs of saliva glands
What are the 3 main components of saliva?
Water, mucus (lubricates food), and salivary amylase
How is starch digested in the mouth, and what disaccharide does it become
By the enzyme salivary amylase, into maltose
Enzyme for fat digestion in mouth
lingual lipase
What is food called once it leaves the mouth
bolus
Where is the pharnx
Connects the mouth to esophagus
Uvula (dangly thing at back of throat) function
prevents food from going up the nose
Epiglottis (flat at top of larynx) function
prevents food from going down the larynx and trachea
How does food reach the stomach
Through the esophagus, through the process of peristalsis
Longitudinal muscles function
Contract in front of the bolus to shorten the distance it needs to travel
Circular muscle function
Contracts behind bolus and reduces its diameter, preventing it from going backwards
What types of digestion happen in the stomach?
Mechanical (churning) and chemical digestion
How much food can the stomach hold
Up to 1.5L
What regulates the opening and closing of the stomach
Sphincters
Contents of gastric juices of stomach (4)
water, mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen
Function of the mucus
Protects stomach lining from acidic conditions
How is pepsinogen activated
when it comes into contact with HCl of stomach, and it becomes pepsin (digestive enzyme)
Ulcers
Tears in stomach lining due to acidic HCl
What are the 3 portions of the small intestine?
Duodenum, jejenum. and ileum
Length and fucntion of duodenum
8 inches, connects stomach to jejenum