Natural Gas stuff (caprock, etc.)
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source rock
compacting, mud-rich layers
oil trap
a geologic environment taht allows for ecnomincally significant amounts of oil and gas to accumulate underground
Resevoir rock
can yield pateroleum and natural gas in sufficient quantitites to make drilling worthwhile
Several geologic tstructures can act as oil traps and have two basic features:
ressevoir rock and caprock
Caprock
such as shale that is virtually impermeable to oil, and gas, and hence traps them in the resevoir rock
Types of gas traps:
anticlines, fault traps (strata displaced so that a dipping sesvoir rock abuts an impermeable bed, upward migration of oil and gas is halted when it encounters the fault), salt dome, stratigraphic pinchout trap (like little insertions like little dikes - results from origin partteran of sedimentation rather than from tturcural deformation)
Hydraulic Fracturing (fracking)
shatters shale and opens cracks through which the oil and natural gas can flow into wells and can then be brought to the surface