10. Organics (SL+HL)
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What is the prefix for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12?
1= meth- 2=eth- 3=prop- 4=but- 5=pent- 6=hex- 7=hept- 8=oct- 9=non- 10=dec- 11=undec- 12=dodec-
What is a hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon is a compound made of only hydrogen and carbon atoms
What is the difference between alkene and alkane?
alkane= single bond, always tetrahedral (109.5°) alkene= double bond, always trigonal planar (120°)
What is the molecular formula, empirical formula, structural formula and display formula for ethane?
Molecular formula= C2H6 Empirical formula= CH3 Structural formula= CH3CH3 Displayed formula=
What is the formula for alkane and alkene?
alkane= CnH(2n+2) alkene= CnH2n
What is a molecular formula?
A molecular formula shows the number of each atoms in a molecule
What is an empirical formula?
An empirical formula is the simplest whole number ratio
What is a display formula?
A display formula is the best formula because it is a diagram that shows all the atoms and most importantly, all of the bonds.
What is a skeletal formula?
This uses lines to represent bonds. Each point represents a C atom. H atoms and bonds to H atoms are not usually shown (unless part of a functional group, e.g. alcohol, aldehyde). Other atoms (e.g. O, N, F, Cl, Br, I, S) are shown.
What is nomenclature?
Naming of molecule following IUPAC (formula naming rules)
What are the nomenclature rules?
What are alkenes?( functional group, suffix, example)
What are alcohols?( functional group, suffix/prefix, example)
What are haloalkanes?( functional group, suffix/prefix, example)
What are aldehydes?( functional group, suffix/prefix, example)
What are ketones?( functional group, suffix/prefix, example)
What are carboxylic acids?( functional group, suffix/prefix, example)
What are nitriles?( functional group, suffix/prefix, example)
What are amines?( functional group, suffix/prefix, example)
What is structural isomers?
Structural isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but a different structure e.g. chain isomers, position isomers, functional group isomers
What is stereoisomers?
Stereoisomers are molecules with the same structural formula but a different spatial arrangement of atoms e.g. geometric isomers, optical isomers
What is chain isomerism?
The carbon chain of molecules with the same molecular formulae can vary causing isomerism.
What is a position isomerism?
Functional groups can be in different positions on the carbon chain resulting in isomers.
What is a functional group isomerism?
Some compounds with the same molecular formula can contain different functional groups
