Functional Group Testing
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Alkene
Reagent: Br2(aq) Observation: orange to colourless
Primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, aldehyde
Reagent: acidified potassium dichromate Observation: orange to green
Aldehyde
Reagent: Tollen’s Observation: silver mirror
Aldehyde and ketone
Reagent: 2,4-DNP Observation: orange precipitate
Carboxylic acid
Reagent: sodium chloride Observation: fizzing
Haloalkane (group 7)
Reagents: ethanol and silver nitrate Observation: white (Cl) cream (Br) or yellow (I) precipitate
Phenol
Reagents: test ph with indicator paper- if an acid, add sodium carbonate Observations: UI goes orange but NO fizzing takes place
-add 2,4-DNP, orange precipitate forms -take melting point of solid -compare with know values
what is a carbonyl?
aldehyde or Ketone