M3 B2 Group 2
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What are group 2 elements also known as and why?
Also known as alkaline earth metals because they form an alkaline solution with water.
What block are group 2 metals in and why?
These elements are in the s-block meaning their outermost (highest energy) electron are in an s-subshell
What are the trends for Atomic radius for group 2 metals?
Atomic radius increases down the group because: - Atoms have more electron shells - More shielding of nuclear charge - Increased shielding outweighs increased number of protons. - Less nuclear attraction for outer e- so electrons are held less tightly.
What are the trends for ionisation energies for group 2 metals?
Ionisation energies decrease down a group because: - Atoms have more electron shells - More shielding of nuclear charge - Increased shielding outweighs increased number of protons - So e- are lost more easily as held less tightly - Less nuclear attraction for outer e- so less energy required to remove.
What are the trends for reactivity for group 2 metals?
Reactivity increases down a group for the same reason ionisation energy decreases: - The less energy needed the more reactive the metal. (the electron is lost more easily)
Finish the reaction: Metal + oxygen =
Metal + oxygen = metal oxide (s)
Finish the reaction: Metal + water =
Metal + water = metal hydroxide (aq) + hydrogen
Finish the reaction: Metal + steam =
Metal + steam = metal oxide (s) + hydrogen (g)
Finish the reaction: Metal oxide + water =
Metal oxide + water = metal hydroxide
Finish the reaction: Metal + acid =
Metal + acid = Metal salt + hydrogen
Finish the reaction: Metal carbonate + acid =
Metal carbonate + acid = Metal salt + carbon dioxide + water.
What is the trend in solubility of the group 2 hydroxides?
Solubility increases down the group and the solutions formed become more alkaline (increasing number of OH- ions are in the solution)
pH of: Mg(OH)2 ?
Sparingly soluble pH= 9
pH of: Ca(OH)2 ?
More soluble pH= 10-11
pH of: Ba(OH)2 ?
Soluble pH= 13-14
Commercial/ industrial uses of group 2 compounds as bases? Ca(OH)2 solid (slaked lime)
Use: Neutralise acidic soils Explanation: Ca(OH)2 is alkaline
Commercial/ industrial uses of group 2 compounds as bases? Mg(OH)2
Use: Antacid- Indigestion remedy Explanation: Mg(OH)2 neutralises the HCl in stomach acid
Commercial/ industrial uses of group 2 compounds as bases? CaCO3
Use: Antacid- Indigestion remedy Explanation: CaCO3 neutralises HCl in stomach acid
What is the name and formula of the precipitate formed when testing for CO2 using limewater?
CaCO3 Calcium carbonate