Part 9
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is entropy increasing or decreasing for melting, vaporization and sublimation?
increasing
what causes the solid-liquid line in phase diagram of water to be skewed to the left?
hydrogen bonding skewed to left= line points right
in general, under what conditions is the gas phase found?
high temp low pressure
in general, under what conditions is the liquid phase found?
high temp high pressure
under what conditions is the gas phase typically found?
low temp high pressure ??
on a phase shift diagram, what is the critical point?
point of temp and pressure beyond which no distinction can be made between liquid and gas phases.
on phase shift diagram what is the triple point?
point where all 3 phases are in equilibrium
what can effect vapor pressure?
only temperature
what can effect K (or any variation there of)
only temperature!
what is freezing point depression based on?
the fact that addition of solute particles lowers freezing point by interfering with the process of crystal formation.
what effect does the addition of solute have on freezing point?
solute lowers freezing point!
what happens to a liquid when its vapor pressure = atmospheric pressure?
it boils
how is boiling point elevation calculated?
same as freezing point depression; where bp elevation= molality*Kb value
what does the addition of solute have on bp on a solution?
increases bp (think salt in water when cooking pasta)
as the concentration of solution increase, the osmotic pressure does what?
also increases
what does osmotic pressure depend on?
amount of solute
what is solvation?
interaction between solute and solvent molecules
in what medium are ionic and polar solutes soluble in?
polar solvents
in what medium are nonpolar solutes soluble in?
nonpolar solvents
regarding solubility: when the maximum amount of solute has been added the solution is in equilibrium and said to be …?
saturated …& when more is added, it will not dissolve