Physical Chemistry - Reversible Reactions and Equilibria (Paper 2)
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when is dynamic equilibrium reached?
dynamic equilibrium can only be achieved in a sealed container so substances cannot escape
what are the characteristics of a reaction at dynamic equilibrium?
• the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate • the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant
why doesn’t a catalyst affect the position of equilibrium?
• in a reversible reaction a catalyst speeds up both the forward and backward reactions • so the position of equilibrium is not changed
what does changing the temperature do to the position of equilibrium?
• all reactions are exothermic in one direction and endothermic in the other way • if temperature is decreased the position of the equilibrium will shift to the exothermic direction • if temperature is increased the position of the equilibrium will shift to the endothermic direction
what does changing the pressure do to the position of equilibrium?
• reactions may have more molecules of gas on one side than on the other • if the pressure is increased the position of the equilibrium will shift to the side with fewer molecules • if the pressure is decreased the position of the equilibrium will shift to the side with more molecules