Lipids
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What are the functions of lipids?
Cell membranes Energy store
What is the difference between lipids and carbohydrates?
Lipids have a lower proportion of oxygens and carbohydrates
What two types of organic chemicals make up fats and oils?
Fatty acids Glycerol
What bonds link glycerol and fatty acids?
ester bonds
In what ways can fatty acids vary?
length of the carbon chain Saturated or unsaturated
What makes a fatty acid unsaturated?
There are one or more double covelant bonds
What is a monoglyceride?
When a glycerol combines with one fatty acid in an ester bond
What is a diglyceride?
When a glycerol combines with two fatty acids in an ester bond
What is a triglyceride?
When a glycerol combines with three fatty acids in an ester bond
What is the process where an ester bond is formed?
Esterification
What reaction produces an ester bond?
Condensation reaction between the carboxyl group of the fatty acid and the hydroxyl group of the glycerol
What kind of acid is more likely to be solid at room tempreture?
Saturated fatty acid
Why is the hydrophobic nature of lipids important?
Waterproofing fur Insulators Allowing mammals to float easily Don’t change water potential of the cell
What is a phospholipid?
Where a phosphate group forms an ester bond with glycerol
What part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic?
The tail (fatty acids)
What part of the phospholipid is hydrophillic?
The head (glycerol and phosphate group)
What two structures can form if many phospholipids are put in water?
Monolayer/Bilayer Micelles
How does a phospholipid monolayer form?
Between the air and water where the heads face the water and the tails face the air
How does a phospholipid bilayer form?
There is a water-based solution on each side with the heads pointing outwards and the tails pointing inwards