Water
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Water molecule
Has a dipole due to uneven distribution of charge between hydrogen and oxygen atoms Attraction between partial negative chargers on oxygen and partial positive charges on hydrogen
What type of intermolecular forces are in water
Hydrogen bonding which is individually weak but collectively strong
Water is polar or non-polar
Polar
Specific heat capacity definition
The amount of energy needed to change the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1°C
Water has a high specific capacity
Strength of hydrogen bonding causes high boiling point Large input of energy needed to change temperature Helps to buffer changes in temperature and make aquatic environment stable
Latent heat of vaporisation
Amount of heat energy needed to change a given quantity of substance from a liquid to gas
Water has a high latent of heat of vaporisation
Strength of hydrogen bonding causes a high boiling point Large input of energy needed to evaporate When mammals sweat to cool down not much water is lost Provides a cooling effect with little water loss through evaporation
Water molecules are cohesive (Stick together)
Hydrogen bonds cause molecules to stick together Allows water to move in columns e.g xylem vessels Creates surface tension for aquatic organisms
Water is an important metabolite ( Is in a lot of chemical reactions )
Reactants in many chemical reactoins Photosynthesis Hydrolysis reaction Diffusion across moist surfaces
Water is a universal solvent
Polarity means it readily dissolves many solutes Respiratory gases Waste products Enzymes Inorganic ions Metabolic reactions occur faster in aqueous solutions