Chapter 2
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What are isotopes? Required.
• Atoms of the same element which therefore have the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons
What is the mass number of an atom, and its symbol?
• The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom • A
What is the atomic number of an atom, and its symbol?
• The number of protons in its nucleus • Z
What are cations?
• A positively charged ion (with fewer electrons than protons)
What are anions?
• Negatively charged ions (with more electrons than protons)
What is relative isotopic mass? Required.
• The mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
What is relative atomic mass (required), and its symbol?
• The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 • Ar
Why is relative atomic mass the “weighted mean mass of an atom”?
• It takes into account: • the relative isotopic mass of each isotope • the relative abundance of each isotope
What is a mass spectrometer used for?
• To determine relative isotopic mass • To find the relative abundances of isotopes
What does a mass spectrum show?
• Percentage abundance is shown on the y-axis • m/z is shown in the x-axis, so for ions with one positive charge, this is equal to their relative isotopic mass
How do you calculate the relative atomic mass of an element?
• (mass number of isotope 1 × abundance) + (mass number of isotope 2 × abundance), etc./ 100
What is relative molecular mass and its symbol?
• The weighted mean mass of a molecule of a compound relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 • Mr
What is relative formula mass?
• The weighted mean mass of the formula unit (the formula of a giant structure) of a compound relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
How are non-metals in binary compounds named?
• Their ending is changed to ‘ide’ (since they would be the only other element in the binary compound along with the metal)
What is the state of matter of salts?
• Salts are aqueous (they dissolve in the water they are produced alongside)