1.2 Muscles
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Annotate the muscular system
Name the three types of muscles
Skeletal Smooth Cardiac
Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Origin : the attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone Insertion: the attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone
Epimysium
Connective tissue capsule, surrounds entire muscle
Perimysium
Surrounds bundles of muscle fibers of fascicles
Endomysium
Layer of fascia that surrounds the individual muscle fibers
Myofibril
The muscle cells are filled with cyndrical structures called myofybrils
Reciprocal Inhibition
When the agonist motor neuron is stimulated, the motor neuron to the antagonist is inhibited, preventing it from contracting strongly
Origin
the attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone
Insertion
the attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone
Isometric
Contraction with NO CHANGE in muscle length No external movement A static contraction
Isotonic Contraction
Concentric: Easier (more force than weight) - Coming up from bicep curl Shortening of muscle Eccentric: Coming down Force is less than resistance Muscle is contracting but lengthening Actin-Myosin bonds are thought to be broken mechanically
DOMS definition
DOMS results primarily from eccentric muscle action and is associated with structural muscle damage, inflammatory reactions in the muscle, overstretching and overtraining. DOMS is prevented/minimized by reducing the eccentric component of muscle actions during early training, starting training at a low intensity and gradually increasing the intensity, and warming up before exercise, cooling down after exercise.