Evolution

The gradual changes that occur in a species over many generations

Involves changes over a few generations but no new species develops

The way that organisms that are best adapted to their environment survive and live long enough to breed

Survival of the fittest

Peppered moth: camouflaged well against the lichens on trees, whereas the black moth stood out and was eaten by predators. Black moth begins to die out. However pollution caused lichens to die and the barks of trees turned black. Peppered moths began to stand out and black moths camouflaged. Peppered moth begins to die out.

Means that a particular species no longer exists

Involves changes over many generations in DNA where a new species develops eg horse

The finches were very similar but all differed in their beaks: the beaks were perfectly designed to feed on the food source of the island

All living things have a common ancestor, not in a straight line of descent but in various branches

Used to describe the vast number of different species of living organisms living on earth

In order to survive, each organism had to adapt to its specific habitat and form a species. There’s loads of habitats on earth so loads of species!