C3.3 Types Of Chemical Reactions

Loss of oxygen from a substance Oxidisation Is Loss of electrons Reduction Is Gain of electrons

Gain of oxygen by a substance Also: Oxidisation Is Loss of electrons Reduction Is Gain of electrons

Substance that initially has the oxygen before the reaction These accept electrons

Substance that initially does not have the oxygen before the reaction These donate electrons

No

Substances that release H+ ions when it dissolves in water to make an aqueous solution.

Substances, usually metal hydroxides or metal oxides, that neutralise acids If it dissolves in water, it is also called an alkali Alkalis release OH- ions when they dissolve in water

Acidic

Neutral

Alkaline

0 to 14 Most acidic 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Most alkaline I Neutral

Reaction between an acid and a base, or an alkali Forms a salt and water

Acid + base -> salt + water

First part comes from the metal in the base or alkali Exception: If ammonia or ammonium carbonate is used, name starts with ammonium Second part of the name comes from the acid used such as - Chloride (hydrochloride acid) - Nitrate (nitric acid) - Sulphate (sulphuric acid)

Chloride

Nitrate

Sulfate

Phosphate

1) identify salt produced 2) write the word equation 3) Write balanced chemical formula underneath with state symbols

H+ ions from acidic solutions and OH- ions from alkaline solutions react to produce water. H+(aq) + OH-(aq) -> H2O(l) Salt produced depends on other ions present in the alkali and acid.

Ionic compounds that contain the carbonate ion CO3²⁻

Acid + carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide

Sodium carbonate Ammonium carbonate Group 1 metal carbonates

Acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen