3.2 Carbohydrate and Fat Metabolism
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What is metabolism?
It is every bio chemical reaction going on in your body
What is aerobic catabolism and anaerobic catabolism?
It breaks things down and releases energy
What is anabolism?
Construction - conversion of smaller molecules into larger ones, requires energy
What is glycogen?
Glycogen is a source of energy for the body. It is comprised of glucose molecules. It is a polysaccharide. Removes water through glycolysis to create glycogen. Glycogen forms an energy reserve.
Where is glycogen stored?
Liver and skeletal muscles
State the major sites of triglyceride storage
Adipose tissue and skeletal muscles
RECOGNISE A DIAGRAM OF
TRIGLYCERIDE
DRAW A FLOW CHART THAT
ILLUSTRATES CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
What is glycogenolysis?
It is the catabolic reaction that breaks down glycogen into glucose
What is lipolysis?
It is the catabolic reaction that breaks down fats an other lipids by hydrolysis to release fatty acids.
What is insulin?
It moves glucose out of the blood and into storage
What is the first function of insulin?
Inhibits (stops) glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen), increase storage in the muscles and liver (Absorptive state)
What is the second function of insulin?
Starts glycogenolysis, stimulates lipogenesis –> stores in adipose tissue Stimulates lipoproteins –> allow fats to move about in the bloodstream (Absorptive state)
What is the third function of insulin?
Glucagon is released from pancreas when the blood sugar gets too low Gluconeogenesis starts when you have no more sugar to feed your brain (Rest absorptive)
DRAW A FLOW DIAGRAM OF HOW INSULIN AND GLUCAGON
REGULATE BLOOD SUGAR
What is glycogenesis?
the process in which glucose is combined to create glycogen is called glycogenesis which is stimulated by insulin